Sandia National Labs NM Partnerships Collaboration Report 2021-2022

ACADEMIC PROGRAMS SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES

2021-2022

REPORT COLLABORATION

NEW MEX I CO PARTNERSH I PS ED I T I ON

Establishing strategic partnerships to solve science and technology problems of national importance

Academic Programs at Sandia is a comprehensive organization that cultivates strategic and enduring institutional relationships, develops research collaborations and grows impacts, stimulates workforce development, and fuels the talent pipeline all in an effort to solve science and technology problems of national importance.

Thank you TO ALL OF OUR SUPN PARTNERS

Georgia Tech

The Georgia Institute of Technology

Purdue

Purdue University

Texas A&M

The Texas Agricultural and Mechanical University

UC Berkeley

The University of California, Berkeley

Illinois

The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

UNM

The University of New Mexico

UT Austin

The University of Texas at Austin

National/Regional Partners, including our: Securing Top Academic Research & Talent with

START HBCU

Historically Black Colleges and Universities

MSI

Minority Serving Institutions

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A B O U T S U P N

Buliding an innovation pipeline though partnerships The Value of Sandia’s Academic Programs & University Partnerships Network

University partnerships play an essential role in sustaining Sandia’s vitality as a national laboratory, and the Sandia University Partnerships Network (SUPN), an element of Sandia’s Academic Programs, facilitates recruiting and research & development collaborations with dozens of universities annually. The Academic Programs umbrella encompasses SUPN, the Faculty Loan Program for Joint Appointments, and the Postdoctoral Research Program Office. The largest branch of Academic Programs is SUPN, which establishes and cultivates strategic academic partnerships that are mutually beneficial. The focused set of schools in the university partnerships network

have expertise complementary to that of Sandia and can help amplify access to a diverse and innovative talent pipeline. In concert, Sandia can accelerate technology transfer via partnerships, increase the potential for partnership impact, provide joint funding to seed strategic research, and enable opportunities for advisory board memberships, faculty sabbaticals, and the exchange of staff, faculty, students, and postdoctoral appointees. In addition to engagement with university leadership and faculty, SUPN strives to establish and sustain strategic research partnerships by establishing and supporting federally sponsored collaborations and multi-institutional consortiums

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The 2021-2022 Collaboration Report

in science and technology priorities such as autonomy, advanced computing, hypersonics, quantum information science, and data science. This past year, Basil Hassan, Sandia’s Deputy Chief Research Officer, visited senior-level staff at numerous partner universities. These campus visits allowed for discussions of ongoing technical work, upcoming priorities, and potential recruiting/internship opportunities. In short, the visits really celebrate all that university partnerships has accomplished in the past and what can be accomplished in the future.

The 2021-2022 Collaboration Report is a compilation of accomplishments in 2021 and 2022 from across Sandia’s Academic Programs. To learn more, visit: www.sandia.gov /academic-programs .

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T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

About SUPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Partnerships Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Overarching Accomplishments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 UNM Accomplishments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 National/Regional School Accomplishments . . . . . . . . . 32 Faculty Loan Program for Joint Appointments . . . . . . . . 38 Postdoctoral Research Program Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Hyperlink Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

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P A R T N E R S H I P S M A P

Georgia Institute of Technology Purdue University Texas Agricultural and Mechanical University University of California, Berkley

Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University Arizona State University Carnegie Melon University Cornell University Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology New Mexico State University

Norfolk State University North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University North Carolina State University Prairie View Agricultural and Mechanical University Stanford University University of California, Davis University of California, Los Angeles

University of Colorado at Boulder University of Florida University of Michigan University of Texas at El Paso University of Washington University of Wisconsin, Madison

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign University of New Mexico University of Texas at Austin

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TOUCH POINTS NETWORK

SANDIA LABS Sandia collaborates with any and all accredited universities, but the ones featured on this map are Sandia’s corporately supported partners.

ALLIANCE PARTNERS Alliance Partners are institutional partners that have multiple crossover areas for collaboration and innovative pipeline and staffing mechanisms.

NATIONAL/REGIONAL PARTNERS National/Regional Partners are college or research center partners with one or more areas for collaboration and opportunities for talent pipeline development. START HBCU PARTNERS START HBCU Partners are strategic partners that provide Sandia with expertise in complementary fields, joint research opportunities, and a mechanism for increasing diversity in Sandia’s talent pipeline.

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Universities are doing cutting edge research that’s important to our missions – taking things from lower-technology readiness levels on to demonstrations Typically, the national labs are in that mode of demonstrating and then passing it off to industry So, universities play a very important role in furthering research that can end up being vital to national security .

James S. Peery Sandia National Laboratories Director

Excerpt from Texas A&M University Interview

O V E R A R C H I N G A C C O M P L I S H M E N T S

SANDIA LABS ALBUQUERQUE, NM

Growing research and talent through partnerships.. . . . . 12 UT Austin and Purdue LDRD collaborations lead to NASA awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Poster sessions highlight student contributions to Sandia projects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Summer interns learn about the small world at CINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 TracerFIRE program trains top university talent . . . . . . 18 Senior design bonanza highlights exceptional student designs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

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Growing research and talent through partnerships In 2021, the Sandia University Partnerships Network (SUPN) was created. The structure of SUPN includes two categories: Alliance Partners and National/Regional Partners. The goal of the new structure is to establish and cultivate enduring strategic and mutually beneficial relationships with a focused set of schools. The structure provides Sandia with numerous avenues for accomplishing mission and talent pipeline objectives. Under the new university partnerships network, a balanced selection of universities was chosen based on academic standing, strategic research directions, pipeline diversity, ability to attract and retain alumni, and geographic diversity. This approach allows Sandia to partner broadly with universities while investing corporate resources at a level commensurate with the expected partnership impact. The SUPN Alliance Partners category includes schools previously known as Academic Alliance schools (including the Georgia Institute of Technology, Purdue University, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, University of New Mexico, and The University of Texas at Austin). Joining these five as new SUPN Alliance Partners are Texas Agricultural and Mechanical University, and the University of California, Berkeley. The SUPN National/Regional Partners category includes 20 schools across the country representing various areas of expertise complementary to that of Sandia. Half of these academic partners are minority-serving institutions, and five of them are part of Sandia’s Securing Top Academic Research Talent (START) at Historically Black Colleges & Universities (HBCU) Program. Each school in the National/Regional Partnership helps Sandia execute top research and facilitate diversity goals. “Sandia is excited by the opportunity to partner with these distinguished institutions. Our nation will continue to reap the rewards of the strong academic collaborations far into the future,” said Deputy Chief Research Officer Basil Hassan.

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“Sandia is excited by the opportunity to partner with these distinguished institutions. Our nation will continue to reap the rewards of the strong academic collaborations far into the future.”

Sandia’s Academic Programs Senior Manager Diane Peebles said, “The value we place on our academic partnerships is readily apparent in our funding. In Fiscal Year 2021, Sandia engaged in research collaborations with a total of 148 universities and

invested $58M into contracts with them. Our academic partnerships make a significant impact in our Research & Development (R&D) projects and in our talent pipeline efforts.”

Sandia University Partnership Network

Alliance Partners • Institutional partnership • Muliple areas of collaboration • Research big problems that neither

National/Regional Partners • College or research center partnership • One or more areas of collaboration • Collaborative, mutually beneficial research • Modest Sandia presence on campus • Opportunities for talent pipeline development

institution could fully accomplsh by itself • Significant and active Sandia presence on campus • Innovative pipeline and staffing mechanisms

The SUPN universities were selected based on academic standing, strategic research focus, geographic and student diversity, and attraction/retention data.

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UT Austin and Purdue LDRD collaborations lead to NASA awards

Research initiated at UT Austin, Purdue, and Sandia led to three NASA University Leadership Initiative (ULI) awards totaling $14.8M. The teams, chosen by NASA, will explore innovations in areas of aeronautical research. The three projects focus on various aspects of autonomous research. Emission & Absorption Spectroscopy Sensors for Hypersonic Flight Control This 3-year, $3.5M ULI award to Purdue resulted from their collaboration on Sandia’s A4H LDRD Mission Campaign. The project will focus on the development of novel in-flight and ground measurement techniques for hypersonic flight. The optical and laser sensor capabilities developed through the A4H project will be used to examine the surfaces and flow of hypersonic vehicles.

Autonomous Aerial Cargo Operations at Scale This 4-year, $8M ULI award to UT Austin came about through three UT Austin PhD students working on Sandia’s Autonomous Detection and Assessment with Moving Sensors (ADAMS) Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) project. Sandia will continue to collaborate on this work and serve on the Technology Recipients Board for the ULI project. FAST: Full Airframe Sensing Technology for Hypersonic Aerodynamics Measurements This 3-year, $3.3M ULI award performed at UT Austin will enable high-fidelity aerothermal simulations of hypersonic vehicles. Work done on Sandia’s Autonomy for Hypersonics (A4H) LDRD Mission Campaign led UT to focus on creating a new paradigm in sensing for hypersonic vehicles that could also be applied to lower-speed craft. Sandia will collaborate on this work by providing expertise in hypersonic vehicle air flow simulations.

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Students who worked on LDRD projects supported through university partnerships supplemental funding in 2021 were invited to present their research at several virtual poster sessions hosted for SUPN Alliance Partners last year. This talent pipeline-focused activity allowed students to showcase their work in a larger forum for their schools and demonstrate their contributions to Sandia research. Andre Claudet, Sandia’s campus partnership manager (CPM) for Georgia Tech, said, “This event has a twofold benefit. It highlights the amazing student work enabled through contributions by our Alliance Partners while also conveying the breadth of problems being addressed by Sandia’s LDRD projects.” Nadine Miner, Sandia’s CPM for UT Austin, added, “By hosting this type of event, we’re also opening up the possibility for new partnerships beyond the initial projects the students are presenting on. It enables attendees to learn about projects and see opportunities for tangential collaborations.” Each student had five to 15 minutes to present their work with a moderator helping to feed them any questions coming through the chat. Students were also invited to sign up for Sandia’s Yello Talent Community list, allowing them to get more information on Sandia career opportunities and be be alerted to any Sandia-hosted events at their schools. Academic Programs Senior Manager Diane Peebles is a strong supporter of these talent pipeline events. She said, “These sessions make student researchers the stars. The supplemental LDRD funding may facilitate the collaboration, but their hard work and insight is an essential ingredient to many projects. We want to further student careers while furthering Sandia missions. ” Poster sessions highlight student contributions to Sandia projects

CONTRIBUTOR Spotlight

Brent Austgen is a PhD student in the Operations Research and Industrial Engineering program at UT Austin who presented last April on his contributions to a power grid resilience LDRD project. “The LDRD project blossomed first into a summer internship directly related to my research and now a year-round internship that is more loosely related under the umbrella of grid planning and resilience.”

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What would it be like as an undergraduate or graduate student to work alongside some of the world’s leading experts in nanoscience? Approximately a dozen interns from across partner universities can answer that question after participating in the 2021 Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) Summer Research Program. In this collaborative, multidisciplinary environment, interns at the Department of Energy funded facility received hands-on experience for eight weeks in areas that explore the path from scientific discovery to the integration of nanostructures into the micro- and macro-worlds. CINT is co-located with Sandia, so students who participate get a sense of just how large Sandia’s campus is and understand the dynamics of working at a national lab that’s a hub of innovation for the nation. Nicole Person, who was a Materials Science & Engineering undergraduate student from Texas A&M University at the time of her internship, said she gained valuable experience from participating in the 2021 program. “I wasn’t completing random technical tasks with no bigger meaning; I was able to sit down with internal and external mentors, understand the specific problem, and then be a part of the discussion on how to best solve the problem. ” During her internship, Nicole said she felt like a “real” scientist in the sense that she was treated and trained like a valuable member of the team and not just some college kid brought on for the summer. She noted, “The lab and public speaking experiences I gained were also extremely helpful for my college career, and I find myself less nervous to do certain tasks because I’ve already done something similar at CINT.” Summer interns learn about the small world at CINT

Electrical engineering students Alyssa Bradshaw, Adia Radecka, and Javi Cardenas conducted experiments at Grainger College of Engineering at Illinois to identify biomaterials that could make effective robotic actuators for implantable medical devices.

Nicole Person conducts experiments for her senior capstone design project.

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Each university participant in 2021 was highlighted at a symposium where they presented their summer research, and the same is true for 2022 interns who were solicited for broad topics including quantum, nanophotonics, optical nanomaterials, and nanomechanics research. Two undergraduate engineering students at Grainger College of Engineering at Illinois, Alyssa Bradshaw and Adia Radecka, received summer internship positions at CINT in 2021 as a part of a collaborative research project between Illinois and Sandia. The students

presented at the IEEE Robosoft Conference on their work developing robotic actuators, robotic actuators, and how they expanded on their research at Sandia through the use of new tools for characterization and fabrication. “Neither one of us realized that so much good can come out of presenting at conferences,” said Radecka on the opportunity to develop their electrical engineering device fabrication skills at CINT.

The CINT summer research program interns from 2021 pause outside of the CINT facility.

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Students from across the country benefit from Sandia’s TracerFIRE cyber training TracerFIRE program trains top university talent There isn’t a company or facility across the nation that doesn’t need cybersecurity professionals and systems, and the same is true for the national laboratories. That’s one reason why the TracerFIRE training program takes Sandia experts from Cyber Security Technologies, Cyber Assurance, Cyber Enterprise Security, and Cyber Security Initiatives outside of the laboratory to teach students the basics of computer science and cybersecurity. In 2021 and 2022, Sandia led numerous high-energy, hands-on TracerFIRE events throughout the country with several hosted by SUPN Alliance or National/ Regional Partners. The TracerFIRE team is increasing its START HBCU outreach programs to further develop a diverse STEM-related pipeline, mainly in cybersecurity, to transition undergraduates to masters programs and bring knowledgeable interns/staff to multiple critical areas at Sandia. In 2021, the TracerFIRE team, in collaboration with START HBCU, ran three cybersecurity workshops. In February, the first two-and-a-half-day cybersecurity workshop was held for 40+ students at Prairie View A&M University, Texas A&M, Texas A&M Corpus Christi, University of Texas (UT) Dallas, UT Austin, and The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). This workshop used TracerFIRE 10 to simulate state government infrastructure. In March, a workshop was held for North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (NC A&T), Highpoint University, University of North Carolina (UNC)- Wilmington, UNC-Greensboro, and Eastern Carolina students. Over 25 students across all schools participated. In April, NC A&T hosted an event attended by an event attended by students from NC A&T and UTEP.

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The first-place team of four, (facing camera) Sasha Thomas and Waleed Nasr, and (backs to camera) Ethan Emmons and Christie Gorka, compete in Sandia National Labs’ TracerFIRE competition at Purdue on March 26-27.

Another TracerFIRE event in August 2021 allowed engineering and computer science undergraduate students from New Mexico State University, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, UNM, and Eastern New Mexico University to investigate advanced persistent threat style adversaries throughout the simulations. The event gave insight into how to recognize adversarial tactics within the kill chain such as reconnaissance, attack vector, exploitation and exfiltration. In October 2021, more than 50 participants engaged in a TracerFIRE event at Purdue to teach students to investigate multiple advanced persistent threat adversaries in a simulated incident response scenario. Other participating schools included Norfolk, Pacific Northwest, and Illinois. Two teams from Illinois traveled to Purdue for the event, with Illinois Director for Research Don Takahara joining as an observer seeking to bring TracerFIRE to his campus in the future. The annual TracerFIRE challenge at Purdue in March 2022 focused on cyber forensics and security. In partnership with the Purdue Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security (CERIAS), Sandia led the Spring 2022 Symposium, which used TracerFIRE 11 to teach thirty-nine students in a challenge exercise on a voter fraud scenario. Derek Hart

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and Arthur Hernandez, representing Sandia’s Emulytics capabilities, also hosted an in-person two-part Emulytics workshop session highlighting Sandia’s virtualization tools and support for the Scalable Open Laboratory for Cyber Experimentation (SOL4CE) platform. Ethan Emmons from Edina, Minnesota was one of four students on the first-place team. This junior studying cybersecurity and network engineering technology in Purdue’s Polytechnic Institute said, “It gave me a realistic, low-stakes environment to apply the cybersecurity and networking knowledge and skills I have learned in the three years I have been at Purdue.” Kamlesh “Ken” Patel, who manages Sandia’s campus partnership with Purdue and helps host the campus competition, noted, “TracerFIRE is a way for us to expose the next generation of cyber security professionals to research efforts underway at Sandia to solve challenging problems. Students may not know about career opportunities available in defending the nation against cyberattacks. This program allows us to help train top talent while students learn about careers in cybersecurity. It’s a win-win.”

Tracer FIRE is a way for us to expose the next generation of cyber security professionals to research efforts underway at Sandia to solve challenging problems.” “

Students at NC A&T participate in one of the TracerFIRE events in 2021.

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Senior bonanza highlights exceptional student designs

The mechanical engineering Senior Design Bonanza team from UT Austin showcases their project “AM Optical Alignment Structure,” along with two UT Austin students who participated in Sandia’s Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Summer Research Program in 2021.

Seventy seniors from nine universities participated in Sandia’s annual Senior Design Bonanza throughout the fall of 2021 and spring of 2022. The student design teams were all mentored by Sandia technical staff and challenged to create an additively manufactured system for a space application. The participating universities include the University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder), Fort Lewis College, Howard University, Missouri S&T, Morgan State University, Rochester Tech, UT Austin, Illinois, and NC A&T. A total of eight awards were given, and five were won by four SUPN academic partners.

• CU Boulder received an award for best experimental design with modeling and simulation validation and another for the most thorough engineering cost analysis award. • Illinois received an award for exceptional project management and execution . • UT Austin received the exceptional use of optical modeling and simulation award. • NC A&T received an award for best engineering analysis for the overall lens system.

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A L L I A N C E P A R T N E R S H I P

UNM ALBUQUERQUE, NM

Quantum symposium shows NM dedication to the initiatives and coalition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Releasing, detecting, and modeling trace aerosols and gases in Earth’s stratosphere . . . . . . . . 26 UNM/Sandia partner to offer a significant scholarship . . . . 27 X-ray diffraction for probing phase transition behavior at extreme high pressures . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Predicting stability of infrastructure following disasters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

K E Y L E A D E R S H I P

S AND I A L ABS Diane Peebles Academic Programs Senior Manager LeAnn Miller Campus Executive Isaac Romero Deputy Campus Executive Bradley Dickerson Deputy Campus Executive Adele Doser Campus Partnership Manager,

UNM Ellen Fisher Vice President of Research and Economic Development Edl Schamiloglu Associate Dean of Research and Innovation, UNM School of Engineering, Special Assistant to the Provost for Laboratory Relations Christos Christodoulou Dean of Research and Innovation, UNM School of Engineering and Computing Arash Mafi Dean of College of Arts and Sciences Mitzi Montoya Dean of the Anderson School of Management

NM Partnerships Joshua Martinez Partnership Development Nicole Streu Technical Recruiting Specialist Theresa Cordova

Recruiting Lead Michael Green Administrative Support

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Quantum symposium shows NM dedication to the initiatives and coalition

Over 200 participants from New Mexico national labs, industry, and academia joined the inaugural Quantum New Mexico Symposium on March 31 and April 1 at UNM to celebrate the Quantum New Mexico Institute (QNM-I) and QNM Coalition and to discuss research and economic development opportunities with respect to the quantum industry in NM. U.S. Senator Martin Heinrich provided the keynote address. QNM-I is a joint research and education institute led by UNM and Sandia that will create opportunities for workforce and economic development in New Mexico’s emerging “Quantum economy.” The QNM Coalition is a statewide, multi-sector effort to grow New Mexico as a national hub for the rapidly growing field of Quantum Information Science and Technology (QIST), and it consists of the research institutions of UNM, Sandia and Los Alamos who are partnering to establish NM as a national hub for the rapidly growing field of QIST. “Quantum technology is going to change the world someday and bring with it high-paying, high-value

jobs. New Mexico already has intellectual capital and world-class research facilities. We can bring in industry, too. We can change the outlook of our state by establishing New Mexico as a national hub for this high-tech sector,” said Sandia’s Richard Muller. Quantum computers can run some tasks faster than would ever be possible with supercomputers. While the technology is still experimental, funding for its development has steadily increased worldwide as governments and businesses eye its economic and national security implications, Muller said. “Whoever makes the first breakthrough is going to have a big advantage. As a state, we want to be part of it.” Ivan Deutsch, Regents’ Professor and Director of UNM’s Center for Quantum Information and Control, said, “The Quantum New Mexico Coalition has the goal of a broad partnership across New Mexico, including our major research university, tribal colleges and community colleges, as well as national laboratories and industry.”

Sandia’s Andy Mounce, left, leads a tour group through the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies during the Quantum New Mexico Symposium following the announcement of the Quantum New Mexico Coalition. Symposium attendees also toured

the Center for High Technology Materials and the new Physics & Astronomy and Interdisciplinary Science building, both at the UNM, which is co-leading the coalition with Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratory.

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CONTRIBUTOR Spotlight

UNM’s Associate Professor Francisco Elohim Becerra is heavily involved in the Center for Quantum Information and Control. His expertise in the quantum realm crosses experimental quantum optics, quantum communications, nonlinear optics, and quantum information. His current research involves quantum measurements of light for efficient communications, and quantum optics and atom-photon

Quantum technologies, like this quantum computer at Sandia, might be a source of future jobs in New Mexico’s tech sector.

The coalition is supported by more than 30 colleges, businesses, labs and nonprofit organizations that operate in the Land of Enchantment. Sandia and UNM additionally formed the Quantum New Mexico Institute earlier in 2022 to create opportunities to build New Mexico’s local quantum economy, develop a quantum-ready workforce, and collaborate with leading institutions. “Most people don’t know that New Mexico has made many major scientific discoveries in this field of research,” said Setso Metodi, Sandia’s manager over quantum computer science. “As we keep pushing the science, we want to also grow the number of people who can participate in it.” Other coalition activities will focus on industry engagement, business development, policy and infrastructure enhancement. Mary Monson, Sandia’s senior manager of technology partnerships and business development, said the state has advantages when it comes to drawing businesses in this emerging sector. “ New Mexico has a huge government presence, including two national laboratories with strong quantum research programs. That makes the state attractive to businesses and startups that want to work on government projects. So, we’re asking ourselves: What else will these businesses need? How can New Mexico remove supply chain barriers for manufacturers, for example? What programs do our higher education institutions need to build up a quantum-savvy workforce?”

interfaces for long distance quantum communication.

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Releasing, detecting, and modeling trace aerosols and gases in Earth’s stratosphere

CONTRIBUTOR Spotlight

UNM Distinguished Professor Zachary Sharp, Director of the Center for Stable Isotopes, is an expert in stable isotope geochemistry. Sharp’s collaboration on this Sandia LDRD project provided an essential understanding of stratospheric processes related to mass independent fractionation.

Proposed actions to reduce ever-increasing global temperatures include geoengineering the Earth’s climate by injecting matter into the stratosphere to reflect sunlight. This proposition, known as Solar Radiation Management, is based on global climate model studies averaged in space and time and Plinian-style volcanic eruptions observations from near-single points. By increasing multi-season, multi-year spatial sampling of the lower stratosphere from high altitude balloons and combining the data with Lagrangian parcel models, they will test current knowledge of stratospheric dynamics and chemistry for its potential to maintain injected aerosols and reduce the risk of climate change, a national security threat. Sandia PI Erika Roesler teamed with UNM Distinguished Professor Zachary Sharp, Director of the Center for Stable Isotopes. As part of the LDRD project “Releasing, Detecting, and Modeling Trace Aerosols and Gases in Earth’s Stratosphere,” Roesler and Sharp and former graduate students Nathan Perdue and Jordan Wostbrock, developed a method to measure the concentration of the three isotopes of oxygen in atmospheric O 2 and CO 2 . Collaborating with Sandia, the UNM team developed a sample vessel and valve system to allow for several liters of stratospheric air to be returned to earth for isotope analysis. Published triple oxygen isotope analyses of stratospheric air are limited to only a few studies. This collaboration will assist with the understanding of stratospheric processes related to mass independent fractionation.

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UNM/Sandia partner to offer a significant scholarship

CONTRIBUTOR Spotlight

Linnea Sands, a now retired partnerships development specialist, identified the need for this Sandia/UNM co-branded flyer and partnered with communication specialists to get it executed in time to be utilized by staff who were attending the National Society of Black Engineers Conference.

The Underrepresented Minority Cohort (URM) at UNM is a program that offers the best of both worlds for engineering graduate students looking to get transformational real-world experience. The URM Cohort offers a paid 2-year scholarship to pursue an engineering graduate degree at UNM in addition to a paid internship at Sandia working in an area related to the student’s thesis. Applicants for the URM Cohort go through a selection process with preference given to students from Historically Black Colleges and Universities. The Sandia University Partnerships Network produced an electronic flyer for use during the National Society of Black Engineers Conference in March 2022. The flyer contained a QR code that allows attendees and other recipients the ability to obtain more information quickly and easily about this exciting opportunity.

Learn more about the URM Cohort at UNM and how to join

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X-ray diffraction for probing phase transition behavior at extreme high pressures

The arrangement of atoms in a material—layers stacked like apples at a farmers’ market or lined up as squares—influence many physical properties of materials. Sandia’s nuclear mission requires understanding the response of materials to high pressure, including the complexities of pressure induced solid phase transitions and important transient kinetic effects. This 3-year project, led by PI Matthew Lane, developed a powerful new in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) diagnostic capability to capture and characterize the extreme compression states found during dynamic compression on both the Z Pulsed Power Facility and the pulsed power driver THOR to measure this structure under dynamic loading, then tested its capabilities at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. The XRD developed by the team

successfully measured structural phase transitions during all impulsive extreme pressure events. Partners at UNM and the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory aided in synthesis of well-characterized nanostructured materials and state-of the-art static high-pressure diamond-anvil compression experiments. The Advanced Materials Lab and UNM team were able to step up production of target Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) films and travel twice to the Advanced Photon Source High Pressure Collaborative Access Team facility to conduct quasi-static experiments on nanoparticle samples. These experiments led to three articles in the Journal of the American Chemistry Society and two articles published in MRS Advances .

Sandia researchers Tom Ao, left, and Sakun Duwal tested X-ray diffraction to interrogate materials at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory.

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CONTRIBUTOR Spotlight

Sandia researcher Matthew Lane led the team in developing a powerful new in-situ X-ray diffraction diagnostic capability to capture and characterize the extreme compression states found during dynamic compression. “Our UNM collaboration was a key element to the project’s success and impact. The lab at UNM exceeded our expectations for their synthesis and analysis capabilities.”

The modeling efforts focused on prediction of phase transition mechanisms in CdS single crystals, and the team demonstrated a simulated XRD pattern from modeling simulations and compared to experiments from Knudson, et al. This project led to one contributed presentation, one invited presentation, and a manuscript accepted for publication. Project success is paving the way for phase transition research in a variety of materials with mission interest by dramatically enhancing Sandia’s experimental capability and understanding of microstructural dependent phase transformation kinetics. Pressure-driven assembly also has promising applications for large-scale fabrication of nanostructured materials from a wide variety of nanocrystals.

Initial ambient Wurtzite phase and dynamically compressed rock salt phase X-ray diffraction patterns from pressure-induced phase transition experiments on Thor.

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Predicting stability of infrastructure following disasters

Environmentally assisted brittle fracture in infrastructure (bridges, dams, tunnels) can occur following man-made threats or natural disasters. For accurate prediction of catastrophic failure and collapse, integrated multiphysics modeling requires the incorporation of environmental impacts into modeling efforts. The team, led by Sandia PI Jessica Rimsza, developed new modeling capabilities for evaluating multiphase phenomena in cement based materials in energy and infrastructure applications through this LDRD project. They also developed a chemo-mechanical model for cement fracture, identified sources of uncertainty in cement degradation and concrete fracture, and created six new capabilities for modeling brittle fracture in the open source code Peridigm. Academic collaborations with UNM, University of Colorado Boulder, and Purdue provided evaluation of concrete fracture in gravity dam structures and the degradation and clay composition on evolving cement fracture. A funded strategic initiative on decarbonization of cement manufacturing incorporated the work; DOE Earthshot included content on the project; and a white paper was authored for the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. Potential benefits to DOE and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) are based on an improved ability to predict the stability and improve the resiliency of cement-/concrete-based infrastructure, explicitly described as a focus of DOE in the Office of

Fossil Energy and Geothermal Technologies Office. Outcomes will allow for prediction of degradation of cement structures (e.g., buildings, foundations, tunnels) following destabilizing events (e.g., terrorist attacks, natural disasters), which can then be mitigated, protecting the nation’s infrastructures and ensuring resilience to external and internal threats.

Peridynamic simulation of concrete fracture under tension with cracks forming in the mortar between the solid aggregates.

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N A T I O N A L / R E G I O N A L S C H O O L A C C O M P L I S H M E N T S

S AND I A L ABS Diane Peebles Academic Programs Senior Manager Devan Romero Partnership Development Michael Green Administrative Support Angela Meyer Administrative Support K E Y L E A D E R S H I P

About Sandia’s National/Regional University Partnerships Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2022 New Mexico Capstone Challenge. . . . . . . 34 Sandia hosts annual “Growing up STEMs” meeting with MSIPP university partners. . . . . . 36 Proof of concept provides foundation for future testing of reentry devices . . . . . . . . . 37

Sandia has Campus Executives, Deputy Campus Executives, Partnership Development Specialists, Recruiting Specialists and Leads for each of our 20 National/Regional Partner schools. To connect with

the Sandia leadership who support specific universities, email acadalli@sandia.gov

About Sandia’s National/Regional University Partnerships Network

After almost 2 years of careful consideration and planning, Sandia implemented the new Sandia University Partnerships Network (SUPN). The new SUPN strategy reinforces Sandia’s intention to partner broadly with universities based on merit while ensuring diversity in both the talent pipeline and research collaborations. It also reaffirms Sandia’s commitment to cultivate enduring strategic and mutually beneficial relationships with a focused set of schools and to invest corporate resources at a level commensurate with the partnership impact. The SUPN National/Regional Partners category includes 20 schools across the country representing various areas of expertise complementary to that of Sandia. Universities designated as Sandia’s National/Regional Partners are essential for recruiting and successful research & development collaborations. Half of these academic partners are minority-serving institutions, and five of them are part of Sandia’s Securing Top Academic Research Talent (START) at Historically Black Colleges & Universities (HBCU) Program. Each school in the National/ Regional Partnership helps Sandia execute top research and facilitate diversity goals. Through these partnerships, Sandia will accelerate technology transfer, increase the potential for partnership impact, provide joint

funding for strategic seed research, and enable opportunities for advisory board memberships, sabbaticals, and exchange of staff, faculty, students, and postdoctoral students.

“Through these partnerships, Sandia will accelerate technology transfer...”

SUPN also strives to establish and sustain strategic research partnerships by establishing several federally sponsored collaborations and multi-institutional consortiums in science and technology priorities such as autonomy, advanced computing, hypersonics, quantum information science, and data science. Speaking of SUPN, Academic Programs senior manager Diane Peebles said, “We have created dedicated teams for each of our network partner universities who are committed to facilitating the relationship, including a Sandia Campus Executive to provide a connection with Sandia’s leadership team and help develop and realize a strategic partnership vision and plan.”

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2022 New Mexico Capstone Challenge Students design a 3D-printed cradle to withstand the accident environment for the 2022 New Mexico Capstone Challenge

The final aspect of Operation Humpty Dumpty, the 2022 NM Capstone Challenge sponsored by Sandia, brought together 23 students and their faculty advisors from UNM, New Mexico State University (NMSU) and New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (NM Tech). This year’s goal was to design an efficient 3D-printed cradle that could withstand the accident environment (temperature changes, vibration, shockwave) from explosion. On April 20 and 21, students conducted environmental testing and blast tube testing at Sandia and gave presentations. NMSU’s Dean of Student Success, Dr. Gabe Garcia, gifted the annual commemorative dog tags to students and mentors.

The 2022 Capstone Challenge participants from UNM, NMSU and NM Tech gathered at Sandia on April 20 and 21 to test their 3D-printed cradles and give presentations.

The team from NMSU designed the most efficient 3D-printed cradle and won the 2022 NM Capstone Challenge.

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Sandia hosts annual “Growing STEMs” meeting with MSIPP university partners

CONTRIBUTOR Spotlight

NM Tech Professor Michael Hargather educates graduate and undergraduate students and supports STEM initiatives while he leads the NMT Shock and Gas Dynamics Laboratory (SGDL) and performs research on a variety of thermal-fluid dynamics topics. Hargather collaborates with Sandia and has led funded research projects on rechargeable battery abuse

The Minority Serving Institution Partnership Program (MSIPP) “Growing STEMs” annual grant meeting was hosted by Sandia on April 12, 2022. Sandia’s Rita Gonzales, Nuclear Deterrence Modernization and Future Systems Associate Labs Director & Chief Systems Engineer, welcomed the attendees and Sandia Deputy Chief Research Officer Basil Hassan delivered the keynote address. This “Growing STEMs” meeting was coordinated by Sandia’s NM Partnerships team and included MSIPP Program Manager Cory Jackson, faculty and students from Sandia’s National/Regional Partner New Mexico Tech, NM Tech Mechanical Engineering Professor and research scientist Michael Hargather, Sandia’s NM Tech Campus Executive Ron Baker, Sandia’s Arizona State Campus Executive Scott Klenke, plus Texas Tech University faculty and staff, and other collaborators from Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratory.

and small-scale detonation testing of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN).

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Proof of concept provides foundation for future testing of reentry devices Sandia currently cannot fully test reentry vehicles in a complex and combined representative environment. The LDRD project, led by PI Timothy Miller, tightly integrated experiments with high-fidelity simulations to provide proof-of-concept for a new test capability. The high-risk, high-reward idea introduced a tailored explosive shock loading to Sandia’s Superfuge facility to enhance its combined inertial and vibration environments with a hostile blast. New Mexico Tech, an academic partner, conducted blast-induced shock-loading experiments with the assistance of graduate student, James Reeves, under the supervision of his professor, Michael Hargather. These experiments enabled a modest modeling/simulation/ testing plus validation and verification effort. The successful combined environment test capability that could result from this proof-of concept will drastically increase the agility of design, development, and qualification activities, and strengthen the nation’s overall engineering capabilities.

CONTRIBUTOR Spotlight

Graduate student James Reeves from NM Tech worked on shock loading experiments to support the Sandia project on the future testing of reentry devices under the supervision of NM Tech Professor Dr. Michael Hargather.

(Top) Schlieren images showing a 1-gram-pentaerythritol tetranitrate blast on a 6-inch plate (left) and on a 6-inch hemisphere (right). (Bottom) Zapotec simulation and Schlieren video side-by-side 180 microseconds after detonation.

Sandia successfully demonstrated a more environmentally friendly method to test a rocket part to ensure its avionics can withstand the shock from stage separation during flight. The method—called the Alternative Pyroshock Test—used a nitrogen-powered gas gun to shoot a 100-pound steel projectile into a steel resonant beam, which then transfers energy through a resonant cone attached to the part being tested. The resulting energy transfer mimics the conditions of stage separation in space.

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FACULTY LOAN PROGRAM FOR JOINT APPOINTMENTS

About the Faculty Loan Program for Joint Appointments. . . . . . . . . . 39 Strengthening relationships with university partners through joint appointments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Sandia’s first outbound Faculty Loan joint appointee . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Sandia’s first inbound Faculty Loan joint appointee . . . . . . . . . . . 43

K E Y L E A D E R S H I P

S AND I A L ABS Diane Peebles Academic Programs Senior Manager Tracie Durbin Faculty Loan Program Lead Joshua Martinez Faculty Loan Partnership Development Sarah Dubroff Faculty Loan Program Administration

About the Faculty Loan Program for Joint Appointments

Sandia staff and university faculty at six partner universities can now take advantage of joint appointment opportunities thanks to master Faculty Loan agreements signed in 2021 and 2022. The university partners in the program include the University of New Mexico, University of Texas at Austin, New Mexico State University, Purdue University, Auburn University, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign and the University of Arizona. Partnerships across Sandia were critical to establishing the program, which will deepen Sandia’s strategic relationships and increase the diversity of Sandians partnering with universities.

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Strengthening relationships with university partners through joint appointments

The Faculty Loan Program for Joint Appointments is all about strengthening relationships with university partners. The program allows Sandia scientists and engineers and professors and researchers from academia to leverage the capabilities of the other institution. It also enhances project work, supports the talent pipeline for Sandia, and offers insight into collaborative opportunities. Sandia staff who are joint appointees to partner universities (outbound appointees) are formally approved to engage on company time with academic institutions for educational or collaborative activities. Benefits to participating Sandia staff include: • Access to university resources including shared equipment, facilities, and internal funds • Ability to lead/participate on projects and proposals as university faculty members with a “principal investigator” status • Ability to mentor/supervise graduate students as a member of the Graduate Faculty • Remaining a full employee of Sandia with all associated benefits while enabling university collaborations • Enhancing workforce development, recruitment, and retention • Knowledge of university strategic direction/ objectives and an understanding of further ways to effectively partner together Benefits to Sandia include:

University faculty who are joint appointees to Sandia (inbound appointees) remain employees of their home institution and are loaned to Sandia for a maximum of half time. Benefits to participating faculty include: • Access to Sandia resources (including experimental and computational capabilities), leveraging staff expertise, and the ability to partner with Sandia staff members to compete for internal Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) project funding. • Ability to participate in “DOE Lab-only” projects and proposal opportunities • Remain a full faculty member of their university with all associated benefits while enabling Sandia collaborations Benefits to participating universities include: • Knowledge of DOE and Sandia strategic direction/objectives and an understanding of further ways to effectively partner together • Advancing national security capabilities and technology transfer

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